RADIOLOGY
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Radiology is a medical specialty in which images of the internal structure of the body are interpreted to diagnose diseases. Images of the body's internal structure are obtained using radiation, high-frequency sound waves or very strong magnetic fields for the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Radiological examinations play a key role in accurately diagnosing diseases and conducting a successful treatment process. With the developing technology, all body systems can be examined with different imaging examinations and successful results are obtained in the fight against diseases thanks to sensitive evaluations.
At PARKHAYAT Kütahya Hospital, the Radiology Department provides world-class services with its advanced technology devices and expert staff. The images obtained from systems operating with fully digital technology are archived in digital environment. In our radiology departments, devices that stand out with low dose and high shooting quality are used. At the same time, patient comfort is at the forefront in all imaging procedures. Thanks to child-friendly dose applications, imaging examinations of infant and pediatric patients are performed safely.
Devices available in our radiology department;
Digital Radiography Systems,
Digital Mammography
Ultrasonography + Doppler Ultrasonography,
Multidetector Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Digital panoramic x-ray
Bone Densitometry
PACS (Picture archiving and communication system)
The PACS system is organized to archive all images obtained in the radiology department. Thanks to PACS, our hospitals are filmless hospitals. The images obtained can be accessed by all units of our hospital.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY:
It consists of a circular device and a table on which the patient lies. A motorized X-ray source rotating around the circular opening of the tomography device provides imaging. During the computed tomography procedure, images taken from different angles of the body with X-rays show organs, bones or other tissues as thin sections. The sections are combined by the computer to create a 3D image. The radiology doctor can examine the 3-dimensional image created, or each section obtained can be evaluated alone.
What Should Be Considered Before Computed Tomography?
Patients who are pregnant or suspected of pregnancy should share this information with their doctor. The radiology doctor may recommend another imaging method instead of Computed Tomography.
Patients with allergies, diabetes, thyroid or kidney failure should be informed.
If there is a fear of staying indoors, it should be shared with the doctor.
Fasting may be required before the computed tomography procedure. The doctor should be consulted about this issue.
The circular area of the Computed Tomography machine may be narrow for obese patients. This should be evaluated beforehand and a different alternative should be chosen if necessary.
How is medicated tomography performed?
In order to visualize soft tissues in more detail and clearly, sometimes medicated Computed Tomography scans can be performed.
In medicated CT scans, depending on the type of examination to be performed, the patient is given contrast material by mouth or intravenous injection. The drugs used in CT usually contain iodine or barium.
The drugs can cause a strange warm sensation or a metallic taste in the mouth.
If the esophagus or stomach is being scanned, you may need to swallow a liquid containing contrast material.
When imaging the gallbladder, urinary tract, liver or blood vessels, contrast may be injected through a vein in the arm.
When scanning the intestines, contrast material may be inserted into the rectum.
After the CT scan, the patient is kept under observation for some time. The medication administered intravenously or orally is expected to be excreted in the urine. During this time, the patient is observed by the radiology doctor.
What are the Side Effects of Computed Tomography?
Allergic effects of the drugs used orally or intravenously in the Computed Tomography procedure are usually not life-threatening. Side effects can be seen in patients allergic to seafood and iodine contrast. Although it is rare, since the contrast material given to the patient may cause allergic reactions, an allergy-related examination should be performed beforehand.
Usually
Rash
Itching
Nausea
Side effects such as redness occur.
Rarely
Shortness of breath
Swelling in the throat or other parts of the body
What are the harms or risks of computed tomography?
One of the most curious issues that patients are most curious about when using Computerized Tomography is whether the amount of radiation received causes a problem.
Computed Tomography is life-saving in the diagnosis of life-threatening conditions such as bleeding, blood clots or cancer. However, computed tomography uses x-rays during imaging and all rays produce ionizing radiation.
Because CT scans provide more detailed images, the amount of radiation is higher than the radiation received during X-rays.
The low radiation doses used in CT scans have very little long-term harm. In addition, with the developing technology, almost the whole body can be scanned in seconds with much faster and lower doses of radiation. It is generally thought that the risk of anyone developing a fatal cancer from a typical CT scan is 1 in 2000.
Does Computed Tomography Harm Pregnant Women
Before the CT scan, the patient should tell the radiologist if she is pregnant or has any suspicions about pregnancy. If the body part imaged during CT scanning is not the abdomen or pelvis, the radiation does not pose a risk to the unborn baby. If the pelvis or abdomen needs to be imaged, your doctor may consider options such as MRI or ultrasound.
How are CT scans performed in children and babies?
Young children or babies may be sedated during CT scans. It is necessary to stay still for the clarity of the image to be obtained in computed tomography. Since it is difficult to achieve this in children and infants, it may be necessary to use tranquilizers.
How are children and babies given CT scans?
Young children or infants may be sedated during CT scans. It is necessary to remain still for the clarity of the image to be obtained during computed tomography. Since it is difficult to achieve this in children and infants, it may be necessary to use tranquilizers.
Is Computed Tomography a Painful Procedure?
Computed Tomography is a completely painless imaging procedure. Standing still or holding your breath for a while during a CT scan may cause a feeling of discomfort. Side effects of the contrast agent used in medicated tomography can also be seen.
What is the difference between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
While CT uses x-rays, i.e. radiation, in its imaging technique, Magnetic Resonance (MR) uses radio waves with magnetic fields in imaging.
Magnetic Resonance (MR) is more prominent in the diagnosis of disorders such as cerebrospinal diseases, sports injuries, musculoskeletal system, neurological diseases. Tomography
DOZE WATCH -ZEN ROOM
Today, thanks to the development of multi-slice CT systems, many advanced radiological examinations can be easily performed, but the x-ray, i.e. radiation, given to the patient in all examinations, and therefore the dose given is very important for patient health. For this reason, manufacturers have developed the software required for CT systems to automatically adjust the dose to be given, and even more than that, they have taken great steps to reduce the patient dose by developing reconstruction (reconstruction) methods.
Dose Watch technology, a dose monitoring and reporting solution, helps to minimize patient doses to the lowest possible level. This technology is used to standardize and optimize CT scan protocols by detecting variations in radiation dose.
Dose monitoring systems allow computerized statistical analysis of device, technician and acquisition protocols on the examinations performed. Another benefit of dose optimization and Dose Watch technology is that it creates a high level of awareness of quality among radiology technicians and physicians and maximizes the spirit of positive competition and teamwork among medical personnel.
All over the world, there are malpractices in medical imaging such as unnecessary or incorrect shots, overdose applications, adult dose application to pediatric patients, not paying attention to the height/weight/age of patients. Dose management is essential to prevent these malpractices.
All healthcare institutions that perform imaging have the responsibility to monitor and manage the radiation dose to patients in order to provide high quality clinical service.
Effective dose management is only possible with the combination of appropriate technology, team, process and expertise. Thanks to its solutions, Zen Room provides benefits in the areas of dose management, operational efficiency and patient satisfaction.
WHAT IS MR (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING)?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a medical technique used to clearly distinguish certain anatomical structures from other structures, to detect and identify differences between healthy and diseased tissues by using radio waves in a strong magnetic field created by large magnets.
In Which Diseases Is MRI Used?
MRI can be applied for different parts of the body for different purposes. MRI is especially suitable for imaging boneless parts of the body or soft tissues. Migraine, headaches, neurological disorders, patients with suspected brain tumors, patients with epileptic seizures, patients with eye, ear, jaw joint problems, spine problems, slipped discs and disc herniations, evaluation of joints and ligaments such as shoulders and knees, sports injuries, heart diseases, chest and abdominal visceral disorders, bone structure disorders can be evaluated with MR.
With the MRI device equipped with sufficient and special programs for each part of the body;
Head region examinations such as brain, eye, inner ear and ear structures, pituitary, jaw joint, brain artery and vein systems
Neck structure, larynx, pharynx, pharynx, salivary glands, tongue and surrounding structures
Lungs, heart and large vessels associated with the heart
Intra-abdominal organs, lower abdomen
Spinal pathologies in the neck, back and lumbar region
Examination of limbs and joints such as shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle and foot
MR spectroscopy,
Cranial and abdominal diffusion imaging
Perfusion MRI
MRCP,
MR myelography
CSF flow study
Dynamic tissue (liver, breast, tumor) MR
How is an MRI performed?
There is no need for any extra preparation for MRI.
Unless a different warning is given, the patient can come to the MRI imaging method by eating his/her food and taking his/her medication.
The patient is required to fill out a form about his/her medical history for the MRI scan.
Since a strong magnetic field is created in the Magnetic Resonance imaging method, all materials containing metal particles such as watches, credit cards, metal jewelry, hairpins, glasses, dentures, hearing aids, bras with metal parts should be removed before entering the MRI room.
If the bladder is full, there is no harm in urinating before the scan unless otherwise instructed.
The patient lies on the table that can move into the MRI device, which is shaped like a tube with two open ends. The radiologist can watch the patient from another room and communicate via microphone.
Since the MRI device, which looks like a narrow tube, may cause problems in patients with claustrophobia, appropriate patients may be given sedatives.
The duration of MRI, which is a painless procedure, varies according to the imaging performed. However, the duration is usually between 15-60 minutes.
Since the patient's movement during the procedure will affect the image quality, the patient is asked to remain still during the imaging period.
Loud noise is generated during MR imaging. The patient may be given headphones to prevent noise disturbance.
In some MRI scans, the patient may be given contrast material intravenously to obtain better quality images.
Who cannot use MRI?
Magnetic resonance imaging uses a strong magnetic field that does not emit ionizing radiation. There should be no metal objects in the room where the imaging procedure is performed. Therefore, people with metal pacemakers, vagus nerve stimulators, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, insulin pump users, cochlear implants, deep brain stimulators should report this situation. In addition, some tattoo inks may also contain metal dust.
Can pregnant women have an MRI?
MRI is an imaging method with no side effects. With this feature, it is a method that can be used safely for diagnostic purposes even in very young babies and pregnant women. Nevertheless, care should be taken not to use it in the first 3 months of pregnancy unless it is very necessary. Scientific studies show that MRI is one of the safest imaging methods during pregnancy. However, in some MRI scans, a contrast agent called Gadalinium is administered intravenously to the patient. MR imaging using contrast material is not recommended during pregnancy.
DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY:
Digital Mammography, a new technology in breast imaging, has now become the main diagnostic method for the diagnosis of breast diseases and breast cancer screening. Unlike conventional mammography, digital images are obtained using electronic sensors. These images are then evaluated on a programmed workstation with high-resolution special monitors. At this workstation, many processes such as magnification, measurement and contrast adjustment are performed regardless of the dose of X-rays used.
Why is screening mammography important?
Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest mortality rate in women. By the age of 70, 13% of women are at risk of developing breast cancer. It can take several years or longer for the cancer to develop into a mass. The tumor may not cause any complaints in the early stages. If it is caught at this stage, the chances of treatment are very high. The aim of screening mammography is to catch the lump before it reaches the size where it can be felt by the patient or the examining doctor. In countries where screening mammography is performed regularly, there is a 30% reduction in breast cancer-related deaths.
At what age and how often should a woman have a mammogram?
After the age of 40, every woman should have a mammogram once a year. Screening at younger ages can be done by clinical examination when necessary. For young women in the high-risk group, screening with mammography should start 10 years before the age at which the family and close relatives are diagnosed with breast cancer. In those with familial risk, mammography should be performed from the age of 30, and ultrasound and MRI examinations should be performed in addition.
What kind of preparation is required before mammography?
No preparation is required. The ideal time for mammography is the first week after the end of the menstrual period, but it can also be done on other days. No deodorant or powder should be used on the day of the examination. Patients should bring their old mammograms with them, if any. A small change in breast tissue between the old and new films may be a sign of cancer. In the same way, a lesion that is thought to be present in the old films can be said to be benign. This will save the patient from an unnecessary biopsy.
How is a mammogram performed?
In mammography, the breast is compressed between 2 plastic sheets and images are usually obtained in 2 different positions. The reason for compression is to reduce patient movement, to create a sharper image and to use low dose radiation. Pain may be felt in the breasts due to the pressure applied during the examination. The pain will go away on its own in a short time. The scan is performed by mammography technicians. There is no one in the room except the technician and the patient. In our hospital, the procedure is performed by female technicians.
Is there a risk of radiation exposure during mammography?
Considering the frequency of breast cancer and the importance of early diagnosis, the risk of radiation is insignificant. The dose received is very low and there is no proven harm. The average dose received during this procedure is 0.7mSv and this dose is also received from the environment within 3 months in normal daily life.
Can all breast cancers be detected with mammography?
Digital mammography is the most successful method for diagnosing breast cancer. However, some of the masses cannot be seen with mammography. Especially in women with dense breast tissue, it is difficult to see small masses. In women with this type of breast structure, it is recommended to perform ultrasonography and, if necessary, MRI together with mammography.
Ultrasonography and doppler ultrasonography examinations:
The high resolution and excellent image quality of advanced ultrasonography devices provide diagnostic convenience. All ultrasonography examinations and interventional methods such as lesion marking, biopsy, abscess or cyst drainage under ultrasonography guidance are performed in specially prepared rooms with ultrasonography devices in the Radiology Department. With ultrasonography devices, the probe (head) variety is selected in accordance with all tissue types. With special probes, superficial tissues such as breast, thyroid and musculoskeletal can be clearly evaluated. A full bladder is required for lower abdominal examination. This not only allows the bladder to be evaluated, but also displaces intestinal gases and allows the female organs and prostate to be clearly evaluated. Ultrasonography has no known side effects.
BONE DENSITY MEASUREMENT
Information on Bone Density Measurement Bone density varies according to age, gender and body weight. Osteoporosis is a major health threat, especially in a certain age group, and knowing the density of the bone is the best way to avoid undesirable consequences and take precautions. For this purpose, a technique called dual-energy x-ray technique or x-ray absorptiometry is used. The results are compared with normal values by radiologists. Very small amounts of radiation are used during this procedure. Bone densitometry is a standard method for assessing bone mineral density. It provides a quick and painless measurement of bone loss, and the lower part of the hip and lower back is often used in the measurement.
Why is bone density measurement performed?
In women, loss of bone mass begins after the age of 40 and accelerates with menopause. In women, an average of 15% of bone mass is lost in the first ten years of menopause; in men, 20-30% is lost throughout life. As the rate of loss of bone mass increases, the risk of fracture increases. Bone density measurement can be used to calculate the risk of osteoporosis and fractures and to follow up after treatment.
Osteoporosis, which is one of the events that affect women the most after menopause, is the loss of calcium content of the bones, resulting in thinning of the bone and increased risk of fracture.
Bone densitometry is often used to diagnose osteoporosis. Of course, this condition can also occur in men. If your bone density is low, you and your doctor should plan how to take action or receive treatment before a fracture occurs.
Bone densitometry is also used to assess the effectiveness of your treatment, as well as to show other causes of bone loss.
We strongly recommend a bone density measurement if you have any of the following conditions
If you are in the postmenopausal phase and not taking hormones (estrogen)
If you smoke or have a personal or family history of hip fractures
If you are a man with diseases associated with bone loss
Type 1 (juvenile or insulin-dependent) diabetics, or those with a family history of osteoporosis
Those who show excessive collagen increases in urine examinations and undergo high-dose bone content changes
Those who develop a fracture after a mild trauma
People with fractures in their spine or other signs of osteoporosis
WHAT IS A DIGITAL X-RAY?
The method of imaging certain parts of the body using X-rays is called digital X-ray. This method, in which the images obtained are transferred to the computer environment, can be applied both with and without contrast. The preparation phase may differ according to the type of application area. Digital X-ray, which is an imaging method that helps in the diagnosis of the disease, has many advantages in terms of patient health.
Advantages of Digital X-ray
Digital X-ray, the first imaging method in radiology, has a wide range of applications. It can be preferred in almost every part of the body such as lung, bone, spine and joint structures, kidneys, esophagus, small and large intestine, urinary tract, stomach. In particular, the following items are included in the order of importance to be mentioned as an answer to the question of what is digital x-ray;
X-ray films do not have a bath time and can be easily examined by the doctor in a computer environment. Therefore, the processing time is short.
Repetitions of shooting caused by a technical error are less. Therefore, the risk of the patient receiving unnecessary radiation is minimized.
Panoramic X-ray
It is an X-ray film that allows all teeth, jaws, teeth and many problems in the jaws to be seen in a single film.
Why is a panoramic x-ray necessary?
Panoramic X-rays are X-rays that help treatment planning to be done faster and more completely.
Panoramic X-rays are needed to diagnose formations such as cysts, caries and tumors that cannot be seen visually in the jaw and teeth.
It is an x-ray that the physician should see before surgical interventions related to the jaw and teeth. Because these x-rays show the area to be treated in a wide area and increase the success of the operation.
Why is panoramic x-ray preferred?
Panoramic X-rays provide early diagnosis of cysts, tooth decay and tumor formations in the jaws. The image of all teeth can be seen on a single X-ray film.
