UROLOGY
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Urology is a medical science that examines the male and female reproductive organs and urinary tract. Urology examines the diagnosis and treatment of all diseases related to organs such as kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra, penis, testicles, scrotum and prostate gland. Urology includes both urinary tract infections and surgical interventions related to the urinary system. The name given to all diseases involving the reproductive system and urinary tract is known as "urogenital disorders". The urology system deals with the reproductive and excretory system, especially in men. In women, it mostly deals with diseases of the excretory system. Since the reproductive system and excretory systems in women should be examined as a whole, urology works together with gynecologists. These are andrology, pediatric urology, female urology, neurourology, endourology and urooncology.
Andrology is one of the sub-branches of urology that deals with sexual dysfunctions. Sexual health of men and women and infertility in men are common and examined diseases. In such disorders, all basic anatomical, physiological and biochemical research is carried out. The most common complaints related to this field are sexual reluctance in men and women, pain syndromes in the reproductive organs, disorders in the structure of the penis and male infertility.
Female Urology: It is a sub-discipline that includes two branches together, namely urogynecology. It deals with disorders such as pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. 60% of women between the ages of 20 and 70 suffer from these diseases. Since the causes of the diseases vary according to the individual, the decision to be made for treatment also has individualized medical or surgical characteristics.
Pediatric Urology: It is a sub-discipline developed for urology diseases seen in children. Such diseases in children can give symptoms quite late. However, thanks to the advanced technology developed in recent years, even the abnormalities of the baby are examined in the ultrasound environment and the treatment process is started as soon as the baby is born. Apart from these, urology helps in cases such as urinary problems, gender ambiguity or swelling in the genitals that can be experienced in newborn babies or in advanced ages. In addition, disorders such as frequent urination, pain in the kidneys, faulty circumcision, night or daytime urinary incontinence are also examined.
Neurourology: It is a sub-discipline that examines urinary excretion problems caused by disorders of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Necessary treatments are carried out for the diagnosis of diseases that occur as a result of complaints such as nighttime urinary problems and frequent urination.
Endourology: It is a sub-discipline that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of stones in the urinary tract and kidneys. Treatments can be performed in many ways depending on the size and frequency of the stones.
Urooncology: A sub-discipline that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancers of urological organs such as the bladder, kidney, prostate or testicles. If diagnosed early, very good responses to treatments are obtained. Any urinary disorders such as blood in the urine, swelling in the ovaries even if painless, and pain in the abdominal cavities require the help of a specialist urologist.
Which Diseases Does Urology Treat?
What Does Urology Treat Men?
Kidney, penis, testicle, bladder, adrenal and prostate gland cancers,
Infertility
Kidney stone
Kidney diseases,
Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland),
Enlargement of the prostate gland,
Urinary tract infections (UTIs),
Enlarged veins or varicose veins in the scrotum,
Premature ejaculation
Impotence
Pain in the testicles
What Does Urology Look For in Women?
Cancers of the bladder, kidney and adrenal glands,
Overactive bladder,
Bladder release into the vagina or bladder prolapse,
Kidney stone
Interstitial cystitis,
UTIs,
Urinary incontinence
What Does Urology Look For in Children?
Urinary incontinence in the bottom,
Problems with the structure of the urinary tract and obstructions,
Presence of an undescended testicle,
Swelling and/or redness of the foreskin,
Diseases of the penis
Urodynamics Test
The urodynamics test, which is used to measure bladder function, is performed by computerized recording of the events that occur during emptying in the bladder filled with liquid with the help of a catheter. The recorded data are examined by specialist physicians and interpreted to detect bladder diseases. The events recorded with the computer can also provide information to the specialist in terms of urinary tract infection. Urodynamics can be applied to diagnose complications that may occur after treatment in urinary incontinence diseases and prostate diseases. Urodynamics test is also frequently used in patients with problems such as frequent urination, urinary incontinence and difficulty urinating.
Voiding Cystourethrography (VSUG)
Voiding Cystourethrography is a medical technique that allows the visualization of the bladder and urinary ducts during emptying by administering contrast material into the bladder through a catheter. It is generally used in cases where urine escapes backwards through the urinary ducts. If not treated in time, backward leakage of urine from the ducts can start to affect the kidneys and pave the way for the formation of serious diseases. This condition, whose medical name is vesicoureteral reflux, also leads to enlargement of the kidneys. When the VSUG method is applied to diagnose the disease, the patient should not have any metal materials on the patient as it will affect the X-rays sent to the bladder. For this reason, it should be made sure that there are no metal parts in the patient's clothes before the procedure.
PSA Test
PSA, Prostate Specific Antigen, is produced in the prostate and regulates the fluidity of semen in men. PSA circulates in the blood, albeit in small amounts. Abnormal functioning of the prostate affects the amount of PSA in the blood. In the presence of any disease of the prostate gland, there is usually an increase in the level of PSA in the blood. The PSA test is a laboratory examination of a blood sample taken from the patient. Whether the patient is full or hungry does not affect the PSA level in the blood, so a blood test can be performed in both cases. PSA test is used in the process of investigating all kinds of diseases related to the prostate.
Prostate Biopsy
A prostate biopsy is the process of taking a piece of the prostate using specialized medical equipment. Although PSA test tumor markers provide information about prostate diseases, the most definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer can be made by evaluating the biopsy results. After interacting with various chemicals, the piece taken from the prostate is examined and evaluated under a microscope. The pathologist makes a diagnosis according to the results obtained. Since diagnosis at an early stage plays an important role in the treatment of the patient, a prostate biopsy should be performed immediately in all patients with symptoms of prostate cancer.
